Groups:
A group is a collection of people who have a common goal, common objective, common feeling as well as common interest. A group may be formed with the objective of attaining a particular goal or for the sake of the members to be able to identify with each other as a group.
Groups may be large or small, formal or informal, based on various characteristics determined by individuals who formed the group.
Nature Of Groups:
1. In terms of perception:
Many behavioral scientists believe that for a collection of individuals to consider as a group its members must perceive their relationship to others in group. This view points out that the members of groups must perceive the existing other member of the group as well as perceive the existence of the group as a whole. This indicates that perception is important criteria in nature of group.
2. In terms of organization:
In the case of organization, a group should have a set of rules, norms, or policies to ensure that it remains organized and able to achieve the purpose for which it has been made.
3. In Terms of motivation:
A group that fails to motivate and aid its members in satisfying their needs will not be able to sustain itself. Employees who are not satisfying their needs as the members of the group will for other groups to help themselves in satisfying their important needs.
4. In terms of Interaction:
A group is number of individuals who communicate with one another very often over span of time and who are few enough so that each person can communicate with all the members on a face to face bases.
If there is not interaction among the members over a span of time than group tends to fade away. It must be noted that face to face to interaction among the group members is another important criteria of the nature of the group.
Needs to be satisfied:
1. Physical Needs:
• Food, Clothing and Shelter
• Security
• Psychological
• Financial needs
• Societies communities needs
• Development needs
2. Proximity attraction:
Individuals towards inclose proximity will have numerous opportunities for exchanging ideas thought, attitude and opinion about various things on the job as well as off the job activities. The exchanges ensure that the group remains intact.
3. Group Goals:
It is often observe that when individual goals are similar a group is formed. There by resulting in the formulation of a group along with its goal. When the group goals are clearly understood it forms a cause of attraction of the individuals towards the goal.
4. Economics:
In many cases people think to form a group to drive the greatest possible economic benefits for themselves individually as well as a group as a whole. These groups are very clear right from the beginning that the primary objective for the existence the group is economical. These groups are generally found in busy societies as well as financial market.
Stages Of Group Development:
Approach –1:
• Mutual Acceptance: - This is a first stage in group development. Under this group members are new to each other so they hesitate to share ideas opinion and thought. It is the process of accepting each other.
• Communication and Decision Making:- This is a stage just after mutual acceptance. When group members begins to communicate each other on certain important issue. At this stage members are more confident on making right decisions.
• Motivation and Production:- This is a stage just after communication and decision making. Communication leads to motivation, which further leads to productivity. At this stage members are in position to motivate each other so that they can accomplish their objectives and can maximize their productivity.
• Control and Organization:- Productivity leads to control, which is process of taking necessary corrective actions where ever and when ever necessary. It ensures that members are organized in such a way so that they can achieve their goals effectively and efficiently.
Approach-2:
There are five stages in group development
• Forming: - It is the primary stage where groups are formed.
• Storming: - In this stage group members have a lot of disputes and misunderstandings among themselves.
• Norming:- In this various norms are put in order to achieve the goals.
• Performing: - At this stage all the disputes and misunderstandings have been settle down and members are ready to put in the best of there ability.
• Adjourning: - This is the final stage where the group members terminate the group after achieving the group goal.
Characteristics:
1. Structure
2. Hierarchy
3. Status
4. Roles
5. Norms
6. Leadership
7. Cohesiveness
8. Conflict
Role Concept:
Role concept is a important concept in a organization. This concept clarifies the duty that a particular member has to perform. It also ensures that the person is responsible for a certain job. It defines what needs to be done and by whom it is to be done.
Role Sets:
It is the acceptance that people have in their minds for a particular person holding a particular position.
Role Perceptions:
There are there types of perceptions.
1. Organization Perception: - It is based on the position by the person in a organization.
2. Group Perception: - Under this perception are based on group norms, the ideology of the group members in both formal as well as informal group.
3. Individual Perception: - The organization is made up of group which is made up of individuals. Who has their own way of thinking and perceiving things.
Team Work:
Team is group of highly skilled and efficient individuals. They are also known as high performers. They are expected to achieve their goals with in stipulated time. Teamwork involves both team leading as well as team playing. As in a group the success and failures depends upon the members as well as the leader. There fore, the attitudes of all the team players must be in conformity with each other highly positive.
Nature Of Team Work:
Types of Teams:
There are there common types of teams.
1. There are teams that recommend things. These teams are established to study specific problem and recommend solution for those problems. They mainly work with a target completion date after that they disintegrate.
2. There are teams that make things happen. These are functional groups that perform on-going task such as manufacturing or marketing and these teams are considered to be a permanent nature i.e. they perform with out scheduled day for disintegrating.
3. There are teams that run things. These team called also called as management. These teams are essentially concerned with the task of the managing operations, process and system. These teams consist of people with the formal responsibility of leaving other groups.
Characteristics of high performing teams
1. High performing teams have strong core values that help in guiding their attitudes.
2. High performing teams turn a general sense of purpose into specific performance objects.
3. The members of high performance have right mix of skills.
4. These team have a abundance of creativity and innovation.
How To Build High Performance Teams:
1. Communicate high performance standard.
2. Set the term in the first team meeting.
3. Create a sense of urgency.
4. Make sure that the members have right skills.
5. Establish clear rules for team behaviour.
6. As a leader, model the right behaviour.
7. Wind ways to create early success.
8. Introduces new faces and information continually.
9. Make sure the members spend a lot of time together.
10. Always give positive feedback and reward high performance.
Team Building Process:
It is a sequence of planed activities designed to gather and analyze data to improve teamwork. In other words, we can define team work as, It is a sequence of planned activities designed to gather and analyze data on the functioning of a group and to initiate changes designed to improve team work and increase effectiveness.
How Team Building Works:
Team building is participative as well as data based whether the data’s are gather to interviews or group meetings. In order to get the answer of these questions like, how well we are doing? How satisfied are we as an individual member and with the group and how it works and how it operates?
• Formal retreat approach
• Continuously improvement approach
• Outdoor experience approach.
Building Team Process:
1. Individual Entry Problem:
This is the main and very first problem that individual faces when he/she entered in to a new group. Problem arises when he/she tries to understand what is expected of them, while dealing with anxiety and discomfort.
A. The tough battler.
B. The friendly helper.
C. The objective thinker.
2. Disturbed Leadership:
Shearing of responsibility in order to meet the group task and maintenance needs is often called as disturbed leadership.
A. Group task activities: -
a. Initiating
b. Seeking information.
c. Giving information.
d. Clarify.
e. Summarizing.
Roles and Role Dynamics:
Role is set of expectation for team member or a person in a job.
The People who hold the expectation known as role set. The person who is supposed to fulfill them is known as role incumbent.
Role Ambiguity:
It occurs when some one is uncertain about what is expected of him/her.
Role Overload and under load:
When too much is expected from the person holding a post it is know as overload.
When a person is given too less to do he feels under utilized in a role, they both can increase job stress.
Role Conflict:
It happens when a person is unable to meet the expectation of members. The individual understanding what need to be done, but for some reason fails to do so there arises role conflict. These are four types.
1. Intra sender.
2. Inter sender.
3. Intra personal.
4. Inter personal.
Role Negotiation:
It is process of knowing that why one has been put in a certain group and trying to avoid the conflict.
3. Group Norms:
Norms are the rules for behavior of group members.
There are four types of norms.
A. Organizational and personal pride norms.
B. High achievement norms.
C. Support and helpful norms.
D. Improvement and change norms.
4. Group Cohesiveness: -
It is the degree to which group members are attracted to a group and motivated to remain a part of it.<
Self-Managing Teams:
They are empowered to make decisions about planning, doing and evaluating their daily work with the help of multi skilling where members are trained in skills to perform different jobs.
Virtual Teams:
It is operated through the electronic media like Internet or on computer, where you don’t meet the person face. But they could brainstorm and could do something fruitful. It is quite expensive and it is not must that the person sitting opposite will be like minded always and there area lot of chances for misunderstanding because the person doesn’t exist in front of you in reality.
Effective Group:
It is one that achieves high levels of both task performance and human resource maintenance. In task performance an effective group achieves its performance, goals with in the specified period of time an quality work result.
Group think:
It is the tendency of the cohesive group members to loose their critical evaluating capabilities.
Techniques For Improving Group Decision Making:-
1. Brainstorming:
Group members actively generate as many ideas as they can. Brainstorm governs four rules.
A. All criticism is ruled out.
B. Freewheeling is welcomed emphasis on creativity.
C. Quantity is wanted.
D. Piggy backing is good.
2. Nominal group technique:
It is structured group decision making. In this every single individual is divided in to a group of six or seven people and every one is asked to response individually and in writing to a nominal question.
3. Delphi technique:
Generating decision-making alternatives through a series of survey questionnaires because members are unable to meet each other face to face.
Conclusion:
I have learn team building and how to behave in team as team leader as well as team player. When I was in group, there were so many disputes among my group members and no group member was ready to see each others face. Then our prof. has taught us that we should work as a team not as an individual and we should not take anything personal and to our hearts.